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Overcoming the Wicked Stepmother Myth

Linda K. Beech Ellis County Extension Agent, Family and Consumer Sciences
Linda K. Beech
Ellis County Extension Agent,
Family and Consumer Sciences

Wicked stepmothers– they’re the villains of stories from around the world and over the centuries. They are particularly common in fairy tales, which suggest that stepmothers are evil creatures who treat children badly.

Today, one of every three American children is a stepchild. Experts say that just over 50 percent of US families are remarried or re-coupled unmarried relationships. Despite the passage of time since most fairy tales were written, research shows that stepmothers have the most negative image of any member of a modern stepfamily. Stepmothers are still perceived as being less affectionate, fair, kind, loving and likeable, and more hateful, unfair and unloving.
What can be done to change these images? Here are some pointers to help stepmothers and stepfamilies deal with some of the problems presented by the “wicked stepmother myth”:

Remember that a stepfamily is born of loss. A divorce, death or separation comes before a new stepfamily. Children grieve the loss of their first family, no matter how imperfect it may have been. It can help if stepparents accept the tension and understand that time and patience will be required to overcome this challenge.
Individuals in stepfamilies have different personal histories. They have memories, traditions, values and sometimes private jokes that do not include the new stepfamily members. Differences in traditions and values are not right or wrong, just different. It may take extra effort to prevent family members from feeling like outsiders at times.

There are no ideal role models for this job. Every step family situation is unique and there is no “normal” way of doing things. The stepmother role should be based on what’s comfortable for her, her husband, the children and the family as a whole.
There’s no such thing as instant love. Stepmothers shouldn’t feel guilty if they don’t immediately feel love and affection for their stepchildren or receive it from their stepchildren. It takes time to build relationships. It can take four years or more for a stepfamily to seem like a family. It can even take 18 to 24 months for children just to be friendly to a new stepparent. Family members should be expected to treat each other with respect and fairness, remembering that it is possible to be caring and nurturing, even if there are not yet deep feelings of mutual love.

A stepmother will always share her husband with his children for the rest of their married life. A strong bond may exist between a husband and his children from a prior marriage. Jealousy can be avoided if stepmothers realize and accept this early in the relationship.
A strong couple relationship is an important part of forming a strong stepfamily. If the couple doesn’t work on their marriage, nothing either stepparent does alone will work. A united front– the husband and wife together– must come first before relationships can be built with the rest of the family. When couples have the support and love of one another, they can function at the most favorable levels to deal with stepfamily challenges.

If possible, develop a working relationship with the stepchildren’s mother. If the children’s mother is available, stepmoms can benefit from talking to and sharing with her. The two mothers don’t have to like each other, but it is valuable if they can work together for the welfare of the children.

The stepmother/stepchild relationship is one of the most difficult family relationships to develop and maintain. Families need to communicate and work together to dispel the myth of the wicked stepmother so their family relationships can grow.
For more information on strengthening stepfamilies, see the “Stepping Stones for Stepfamilies” fact sheet from K-State Research and Extension at www.ksre.ksu.edu/bookstore/pubs/MF3097.pdf. Call the Ellis County Extension Office at 785-628-9430 or stop by at 601 Main Street in Hays to request this helpful information.

National Family Caregivers Month

caregivers monthTOPEKA – The Kansas Department for Aging and Disability Services joins the Caregiver Action Network in Washington, DC, and other states across the country to say thank you to the more than 90 million Americans caring for a loved one with a chronic medical condition, disability, special need or the everyday trials of aging.

November is National Family Caregivers Month. Statistics show almost half of family caregivers perform complex medical/nursing tasks for their loved ones, like managing multiple medications, providing wound care and operating specialized medical equipment. With the number of family caregivers growing every year, it’s more important than ever to recognize the vital role that family caregivers play:

  • More than 15 million family caregivers provide care to more than 5 million loved ones with Alzheimer’s disease
  • The number of parents caring for children with special needs is increasing due to the rise in cases of many childhood conditions
  • As many as 1 million Americans are caring in their homes for service members from the Iraq and Afghanistan wars who are suffering from traumatic brain injury, post-traumatic stress disorder, or other wounds and illnesses
  • Men are now almost as likely to say they are family caregivers as women (37 percent of men; 40 percent of women)
  • Thirty-six percent of younger Americans between ages 18 and 29 are family caregivers as well, including 1 million young people who care for loved ones with Alzheimer’s

For more information about National Family Caregivers Month, visit www.caregiveraction.org.

USDA: climate change task force will help ag communities

USDAUSDA says a task force established by President Obama Friday will assist agricultural communities facing the impacts of climate change.
The Task Force on Climate Preparedness and Resilience will advise the Federal Government on strategies to help American agriculture mitigate and adapt to the impacts of a changing climate.

Robert Bonnie, Under Secretary, Natural Resources and Environment, says the task force is an important step in our shared effort to respond to climate change.
“America’s farmers, ranchers and landowners have long been tremendous stewards of our environment. At USDA, we have worked with a record number of producers and landowners over the course of the Obama Administration to help conserve the soil and water, and clean our air,” Bonnie said.

USDA expects the task force to help America’s farmers and ranchers adapt to changing climate conditions.
Bonnie says the USDA programs will help farmers and ranchers counter the impacts of climate change and help create modern practices for producers to capitalize on their good stewardship.
The latest Drought Monitor by the USDA shows nearly one-fourth of the Midwest and 22 percent of the High Plains are in moderate or worse with the percentage of corn and soybean crops growing in drought down from a month earlier. Rainfall across many drought-affected regions of the country in recent day are expected to show improving conditions.

As part of the broader Climate Action Plan, the USDA announced steps in June to create modern solutions against climate adversity. In addition to regional sources on climate information and forecasts, the USDA created the “Carbon Management and Evaluation Tool” (COMET-FARM), showing farmers how much carbon their land removes from the atmosphere.  -Brett Wessler, Drovers Cattle Network

Brownback: Bad News Comes In Threes

Screen Shot 2013-11-04 at 6.29.42 AMSometimes it’s just not your day (or week). That’s certainly the case for Governor Sam Brownback who has had to suffer through a week of bad news and bad polling numbers. Let’s recap:

1) Kansans don’t like the direction our state is heading under Brownback. That’s what a statewide poll of 944 Kansans found. A full 61% of Kansans were concerned about the economy under Brownback’s watch. And they should be. While other states are growing and seeing unemployment drop, Kansas is lagging behind and watching our unemployment numbers steadily rise.

Our poor economic performance coupled with cuts to education and assistance for poor kids may be why only 44% of the Kansans polled said they would vote for Brownback if the election was held today. These low performance numbers also make sense given what Kansans say they care about: better funded k-12 schools and Kansas colleges as well as a return to responsible social services that protect our most vulnerable Kansans.

2) Paul Davis announced Jill Docking will serve as his running mate. The day after Brownback found out that Kansans don’t trust him to handle our economy, he had to watch as Paul Davis introduced Jill Docking as his running mate for the 2014 gubernatorial election. Docking is a highly competent, highly motivated small business owner with political clout (her husband served as lieutenant governor and two Dockings have served as Kansas governors).

Davis and Docking completed a four-city announcement tour, highlighting their vision for Kansas and rallying excited Kansans in Johnson County, Topeka, Salina, and Jill’s hometown of Wichita. With over a year until the 2014 general election, it has to be unnerving to have common sense, moderate opponents who are generating excitement across the state. You can learn more about the Davis-Docking ticket and commit to helping them restore Kansas values to Topeka at www.davisforkansas.com.

3) Brownback is losing. Bad economic numbers and a strong opponent is a one-two punch that would ruin any politician’s week. But that’s not the worst of it.

The worst news for Brownback was finding out that not only do Kansans think President Obama is doing a better job than him, but that in the first statewide head-to-head poll, Brownback trails Paul Davis. A pair of scientific surveys produced by SurveyUSA found that 59% of Kansans disapprove of the job Sam Brownback has done as governor. This may be why Paul Davis leads Brownback, 43-39, winning support from moderate Republicans and independents who are turned off by Brownback’s extreme agenda and broken promises.

Clearly, the Kansas Democratic Party is excited by these numbers, but Paul Davis rightly put this news in perspective:

“This is exciting news, but we still have a LOT of work to do. Kansas needs a governor committed to strengthening our schools, restoring our middle class, and working cooperatively to solve our problems.”
Paul is absolutely correct. There is much work to do before next November if we are going to get rid of Sam Brownback and his brand of extremism. Together we can turn Brownback’s bad week into a bad month then a bad year and, most importantly, a bad election night.

– See more at: https://www.ksdp.org/blog/brownback-bad-news-comes-threes#sthash.LNvpAhYd.dpuf

Book Review: The Walking Dead – Rise of the Governor

Screen Shot 2013-10-28 at 8.44.09 AMBook Review: The Walking Dead- Rise of the Governor (author by Robert Kirkman, Jay Bonansinga)

(reviews on Goodreads)

In the Walking Dead universe, there is no greater villain than The Governor. The despot who runs the walled-off town of Woodbury, he has his own sick sense of justice: whether it’s forcing prisoners to battle zombies in an arena for the townspeople’s amusement, or chopping off the appendages of those who cross him. Now, for the first time, fans of The Walking Dead will discover how The Governor became the man he is, and what drove him to such extremes.

 

As the stars indicate, I really liked this book. The other reviews are correct when pointing out that it might not be the best crafted book (Brian has two “out of body” experiences in less than three pages) nor does it bring a new twist to the genre, but it really brings in the traditions of dread, fear, and battling against hopelessness. In the Walking Dead world, the Governor is much more complicated than I had him made out to be (now I have heard about but haven’t read the comic spin-off, only basing this on the television show and the graphic novel collections). Which brings up a reoccurring theme ~ what does it take to survive? And what would you do or allow to happen to live through the night?

Marleah Augustine is the Adult Department Librarian at the Hays Public Library

You can see more of her blog here https://hayspubliclibrary.wordpress.com

Grappling over trade

InsightBy John Schlageck, Kansas Farm Bureau

During the last decade, growth of U.S. agricultural exports to the European Union (EU) has been the slowest among this country’s top 10 export destinations. If U.S. farmers and ranchers had an opportunity to compete, trade with the EU could become a growth market for them.

“Regulatory barriers have become a significant impediment to that growth,” says Steve Baccus, who farms in Ottawa County and serves as Kansas Farm Bureau president.

In mid-October Baccus spoke to members of the North American and European Union agricultural conference in Mexico City. He also serves as chair of the American Farm Bureau Federation trade advisory committee.

Long standing barriers against conventionally raised U.S. beef, ongoing restrictions against U.S. poultry and pork and actions that limit U.S. exports of goods produced using biotechnology remain the greatest obstacles between the United States and the European Union, Baccus says. It’s negatively impacting trade relations with Europe.

“Last year we shipped more than $8.8 billion worth of agricultural and food products to the EU,” Baccus notes. “In turn they shipped back about $16.6 billion. As big as those numbers are, they could be a whole lot bigger if barriers to trade were removed.”

Baccus says the EU ag leaders admitted for the first time in Mexico City they understand the damage these restrictions are doing to them and their ability to compete in world trade.

European farmers and ranchers understand the strides biotechnology has made, Baccus says. They know their inability to use these advances is hampering their ability to remain competitive.

As with previous meetings between the two groups, the U.S. trade committee continually reminded the EU to let their consumers decide.

“We’ve talked to them about providing their consumers with both organic and conventionally grown foods,” Baccus says. “We’ve also talked with them about giving shoppers the opportunity to buy conventionally produced beef or hormone-free beef, and that’s a misnomer.”

Baccus believes agricultural world trade is about options for this country’s overseas customers.

“We’ve said for years that the consumer is king,” he says. “We believe they should dictate market trends not government.”

When and if this change occurs, Baccus says U.S. farmers and ranchers will be willing and able to meet the food needs and desires of people around the globe.

“It’s interesting that people throughout the world embrace new advancements in health care, the work place and their homes, but when you talk to them about food in this context, they become nervous about using modern technology,” Baccus says. “We’ll continue to tell our story.”

John Schlageck is a leading commentator on agriculture and rural Kansas. Born and raised on a diversified farm in northwestern Kansas, his writing reflects a lifetime of experience, knowledge and passion.

Congressman Huelskamp Town Hall Schedule

Representative Tim Huelskamp (KS-01) released his upcoming Town Hall schedule. These local events allow Kansans the opportunity to visit one on one with the huelskampCongressman and share their concerns about the future of the nation.

When Congressman Huelskamp took office in January 2011, he promised to continue the tradition of Senators Pat Roberts and Jerry Moran by hosting annual town halls in every county in the First District. In the last two years, he has hosted at least one town hall in every county and this schedule will complete the same for 2013. Wednesday November 6th will mark a major milestone for representing the Big First as Rep. Huelskamp hosts his 200th Town Hall meeting in Plainville.
“Town halls are a great opportunity to discuss the challenges facing our nation, and they give me an opportunity to listen to Kansans. While we obviously can’t agree on every issue, those who attend appreciate the occasion to talk with their neighbors and their representative in Congress. It all comes down to taking their input back to the Capitol and fighting on their behalf against the Washington establishment,” said Rep. Huelskamp.

Below is the official Town Hall Schedule:

Monday, November 4th

8:00am – 9:00am
Sheridan County Town Hall
Oscar’s
845 Main Street, Hoxie

10:00am – 11:00am
Thomas County Town Hall
Colby Community College Student Union Room 106
1255 S Range Ave, Colby

12:00pm – 1:00pm
Logan County Town Hall
Buffalo Bill Cultural Center
3083 US Hwy 83, Oakley
(Hwy 83 and 2nd Street)

2:00pm – 3:00pm
Gove County Town Hall
City of Quinter Community Room
202 Gove St, Quinter

4:30pm – 5:30pm
Lane County Town Hall
Lane County Courthouse Community Room
144 South Lane Street, Dighton

Wednesday, November 6th

200th Town Hall
9:00am – 10:00am
Rooks County Town Hall
Rooks County Health Center – Dining Room
1210 N Washington, Plainville

1:30pm – 2:30pm
Ellis County Town Hall
Rose Garden Banquet Hall (former Fanchon Ballroom)
2350 E 8th, Hays

Friday, November 8th

Plan Ahead For Christmas

by Linda K. Beech
Linda K. Beech Ellis County Extension Agent, Family and Consumer Sciences
Linda K. Beech
Ellis County Extension Agent,
Family and Consumer Sciences

As soon as trick-or-treaters finish their holiday haunting, Halloween candy will disappear from stores and something else will fill the shelves. Do you know what comes next? Yes– Christmas!!

Unbelievably, on a business trip to Manhattan in the last week of August I was surprised to see a large craft store already filled with Christmas decorations. It sure seems awfully early to be thinking about Christmas. Or does it?
Being early with thoughts of the holiday season isn’t such a bad idea. Remember the hectic last minute shopping, the late hours put in to finish a hand-made gift, the rush to address cards and finish the holiday baking? Whew! It makes me tired just to think about it.
Maybe we all should begin to think about the holidays just a little now. I’ll bet we could enjoy the season more if we didn’t feel exhausted and broke during most of it!
What can be done now to prepare for Christmas? Lots of things! Think about your normal holiday activities and consider which parts might be done (or at least started) early. Here are a few ideas to help you plan ahead and spread out those holiday costs a little.
* Start the holiday season by making a list of all the things you are likely to spend money on. This will certainly include Christmas gifts, but think also about holiday extras such as gift wrap, decorations, greeting cards, postage, extra groceries for holiday meals and baking, eating out, extra child care, and gasoline for shopping trips and holiday travel. Compare your list to the amount of money you have available to spend at this time of year. The key is to create a budget– a spending plan that will help you cover your seasonal expenses– and stick to it.
* Start putting away $1 a day from now until December 23. You’ll save about $65 from your pocket change for those extra holiday expenses.
* Start thinking about gifts. Make a list of the people you need to buy for and jot down any preliminary ideas you might have. Don’t forget the last minute grab-bag gifts we all seem to need, too! Make a goal to complete this list soon. Divide your list by three for the number of gifts
to buy per month in October, November and December. For example, if there are 15 names on your gift list, buy 5 gifts per month to spread out the cost. Watch for sales on any of your gift ideas and when the price is right, buy them and cross them off your list.
* Ask the people on your gift list to begin making “wish lists” for themselves. I always like to give a gift that the recipient wants or needs. But sometimes my family and friends couldn’t think of anything when I asked what they wanted. Or they would say the same thing every year. (My dad’s standard reply was always “socks”. He figured that was a safe bet.) Given a month or two to think about it, everyone will probably come up with a few items they’d like.
Begin a wish list for yourself, too. Then you’ll also be prepared when approached with the what-do-you-want-for-Christmas questions.
* If you plan to make any of your gifts, now is a good time to select patterns, purchase supplies and get started on the projects. This will save money only if it is cheaper to make it yourself, so comparison-shop at local gift shops and crafts fairs. (Remember that the cost is doubled if you run out of time to finish a project and have to buy a gift also!) Be realistic about the time you have to complete the project before you invest in supplies. Starting early may save a lot of sleepy-eyed late nights in the future.
* Watch for sale prices on ingredients for holiday baking. Flour, sugar, shortening, oil, dried fruits and canned goods can be stored easily; nuts can be frozen for longer storage. Buy one or two additional baking ingredients every week to spread out the cost.
* Bake several of your favorite recipes ahead and freeze to enjoy later during the holiday season. We have a fact sheet at the Extension Office which gives tips for freezing and thawing baked goods.
* Divide your Christmas card list by six for the number of cards to sign and address each week from now through the end of November. Your cards will be ready to go into the mail in early December and you’ll save time the rest of the month for other things.
* Keep track of your holiday expenses this year so that you know the total cost of your holiday spending. Divide the total by 12 to determine the amount to set aside monthly throughout the coming year so that your holiday funds will be saved in advance next year.
Planning and organizing your holiday duties now can save time, energy and money when Christmas arrives. By completing some of the tasks ahead, you’ll have more time to enjoy the season. You’ll thank yourself for starting early.

Survey: 58% Of Kansans Disapprove Of Governor Brownback

Kansas Democratic Party Chair Joan Wagnon issued a statement following the release of a Survey USA poll of Kansas voters that showed Sam Brownback’s Kansas Demsdisapproval rating spiking to 58%, a ten point increase since SurveyUSA’s last Kansas poll in July of 2012:

“Sam Brownback can’t hide from the truth: his policies are hurting Kansas families and they know it. Brownback has raised sales taxes, slashed funding for our schools and universities, and pulled support from our most vulnerable Kansans, children living in poverty. Governor Brownback promised to protect education funding, but then made the largest cut to education in Kansas history. Governor Brownback promised to fight poverty, but poverty continues to grow on his watch. Governor Brownback promised more jobs for Kansans desperate for work, but unemployment is on the rise. The only promise Governor Brownback has kept is his promise to give tax breaks to the wealthy and well-connected. Common sense Kansans want a leader who will put Kansas families first and keep his word – and Governor Brownback has done neither. Kansans are ready to get Kansas back on track and that means getting rid of Sam Brownback.”
Brownback performed poorly across the board, but did especially poorly with independents and moderates. 68% of independent voters and 76% of moderate voters said they disapproved of the job Sam Brownback was doing as governor. Brownback’s poor performance also extended to both men and women and all ages groups, with a majority of all age groups and a majority of both men and women disapproving of Brownback’s job performance.

In addition to a 58% disapproval rating, the SurveyUSA poll found that Brownback’s personal favorability is also at an all time low. Only 22% of Kansans had a favorable opinion of Sam Brownback, with 15% of independents saying they had a favorable opinion of Brownback and a shocking 35% of all Kansas Republicans saying they had a favorable opinion of Brownback.

 

Kansas Profile – Now That’s Rural

Ron Wilson
Ron Wilson

Kansas Profile – Now That’s Rural
Derral & Sheila Sommerfeld – Classic Reproduction Wagon Works

By Ron Wilson, director of the Huck Boyd National Institute for Rural Development at Kansas State University.

As the sun sets over the pastoral Flint Hills, a remarkable scene comes into view: Across the hillside comes a set of covered wagons drawn by horses. Is this a sight from a century and a half ago? No, it is happening in modern times, where the Symphony in the Flint Hills featured covered wagons driven by a man with roots in rural Kansas. It’s today’s Kansas Profile.

Derral and Sheila Sommerfeld are the owners of Classic Reproduction Wagon Works. Their wagons have been part of the Symphony in the Flint Hills program and they still provide wagon rides at this annual event and elsewhere, plus building and restoring wagons of various kinds.

Derral Sommerfeld grew up near Newton. He has always worked with horses and wagons. His grandfather had a two-seated horsedrawn surrey. For years, his grandparents’ family farmed with horses where they lived west of the rural community of Cassoday, population 127 people. Now, that’s rural.

While Derral was in high school, his father got a team of Belgian horses, and Derral has maintained a lifelong interest in horses and wagons. He met and married Sheila and eventually they moved to Tecumseh.

Derral got involved with the Flint Hills Overland Wagon Train. For 32 years, this wagon train offered authentic covered wagon rides through the Flint Hills of Kansas. Thanks to his skills in driving teams of horses, Derral helped with the wagon train for three years before becoming president of the organization for 25 years. Sheila helped cook meals for the wagon train.

“We enjoyed sharing with people from all over,” Derral said. “We had people out there who had never seen the stars.”

In 1997, a Girl Scout group was wanting wagons in which to sleep so Derral built some wagons for them. As demand grew for such items, he and Sheila created their own business known as Classic Reproduction Wagon Works. The business provides wagon rides and also does wagon building and restoration. For example, they built a covered wagon for the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve near Strong City, and restored a wagon and a sleigh for Old Prairie Town – Ward Meade Park in Topeka.

“Often what we get is in pieces,” Sheila said. “Everything we can’t get that’s original, we make ourselves.” That means lots of detailed handwork, such as creating something in a gas forge or painting and sanding on pieces of wood.

The Sommerfelds do lots of wagon rides for parades, weddings, or other special events. For example, the Penwell-Gable Funeral Home in Topeka frequently has the Sommerfelds pull a horse-drawn hearse on their behalf in neighborhood parades. For years, the Sommerfelds have provided wagon rides at the Symphony in the Flint Hills.
“One day we gave 1700 people wagon rides at the Symphony,” Derral said.

Their horses are gentle giants. The Sommerfelds have a team of white Percheron mares, a team of Blonde sorrel Belgians, and a black-and-white half shire gelding.

Recently the Sommerfelds acquired a white vis a vis, which is a pretty carriage that many brides like for their wedding rides.

One of their restoration projects was a 1920s John Deere wagon. A woman had inherited the wagon and her husband wanted to have it restored as a surprise gift for her.
They were moving from Texas to Maryland. The husband dropped it off to the Sommerfelds in Kansas.

When it came time to pick it up, the husband told his wife that they needed to take the truck and trailer to pick up a sports car for him. But to his wife’s surprise, it wasn’t a sports car that they picked up. Instead, it was the family wagon, beautifully restored in John Deere green. “That was the most thoughtful thing he’d ever done,” the wife said.

For more information, go to www.classicwagonworks.com.

As the sun sets across the Flint Hills, a covered wagon train comes into view, featuring wagons restored and driven by Derral Sommerfeld of Classic Reproduction Wagon Works. We commend Derral and Sheila Sommerfeld for making a difference by preserving and restoring this part of our heritage, so that more generations can see the good guys ride into the sunset.

New Ad: Tough Love for Young Drivers (VIDEO)

The National Highway Transportation Safety Administration has released a new public service announcement that urges tough talk about the rules of driving a car. The ads show parents telling children to slow down and be careful since before they could walk, so there’s no point to stop warnings kids when they start driving.

 

Controlling annual weeds

Stacy CampbellKSU research & extension
K-State Research & Extension

Control annual weeds now ahead of corn and sorghum
Fall control of winter annuals now lessens headaches in spring
Fall control of difficult weeds makes sense
With row crop harvest underway, it’s time to start planning your fall herbicide applications to control winter annual broadleaf weeds and grasses ahead of grain sorghum or corn. Fall applications during late October and through November can greatly assist control of difficult winter annuals and should be considered when performance of spring-applied preplant weed control has not been adequate. Henbit and marestail frequently are some of the most troublesome weeds.
There are several options for fall application. If residual weed control is desired, atrazine is among the lowest-priced herbicides. However, if atrazine is used, that will lock the grower into planting corn or sorghum the following spring.
Atrazine is labeled in Kansas for fall application over wheat stubble or after fall row crop harvest anytime before December 31, as long as the ground isn’t frozen. Consult the atrazine label to comply with maximum rate limits and precautionary statements when applying near wells or surface water. No more than 2.5 lbs of atrazine can be applied per acre in a calendar year on cropland.
One half to two pounds (maximum) per acre of atrazine in the fall, usually with 1 to 2 pints/acre of 2,4-D LV4 or LV6 added, can give good burndown of winter annual broadleaf weeds — such as henbit, dandelion, prickly lettuce, Virginia pepperweed, field pansy, evening primrose, and marestail — and small, non-tillered winter annual grasses. Atrazine’s foliar activity is enhanced with crop oil concentrate, which should be included in the tankmix.
Atrazine residual should control germinating winter annual broadleaves and grasses. When higher rates of atrazine are used, there should be enough residual effect from the fall application to control early spring-germinating summer annual broadleaf weeds such as kochia, common lambsquarters, wild buckwheat, and Pennsylvania smartweed. While it is always important to manage herbicide drift, herbicide applications made after fall frost have less potential for drift problems onto sensitive targets.
Marestail is an increasing problem in Kansas that merits special attention. Where corn or grain sorghum will be planted next spring, fall-applied atrazine plus 2,4-D has been very effective on marestail rosettes, and should have enough residual activity to kill marestail as it germinates in the spring. Atrazine alone will not be nearly as effective postemergence on marestail as the combination of atrazine plus 2,4-D. Sharpen is very good on marestail, and should be tankmixed with 2,4-D, atrazine, or glyphosate.
If the spring crop will be corn, other residual herbicide options include an ALS herbicide such as Autumn or Basis Blend. ALS-resistant marestail will survive an Autumn or Basis Blend treatment if applied alone. For burndown, producers should mix in 2,4-D and/or glyphosate. Aim and Rage D-Tech are other non-residual, contact herbicide options for fall application.
Winter annual grasses can also be difficult to control with atrazine and success is dependent on the stage of brome growth. For downy brome control, 2 lbs/acre of atrazine plus crop oil concentrate (COC) has given excellent control, whereas 1 lb/acre has given only fair control. Volunteer wheat and brome species that have tillered and have a secondary root system developing will likely not be controlled even with a 2-lb rate. Adding glyphosate to atrazine will ensure control of volunteer wheat, annual bromegrasses, and other grassy weeds. Atrazine antagonizes glyphosate, so if the two are used together, a full rate of glyphosate (0.75 lb ae) is essential for good control. The tankmix should include AMS as an adjuvant.
If fall treatments control volunteer wheat, winter annuals, and early-emerging summer annuals right up to planting corn or sorghum, then at planting time a preemergent grass-and-broadleaf herbicide application with glyphosate or paraquat will be needed to control newly emerged weeds. Soils will be warmer and easier to plant where winter weeds were controlled in fall.
Information provided by Curtis Thompson, Extension Weed Management Specialist

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